412. Counter

412.1. Countering is the act of negating the execution, activation, or otherwise playing of a card by a player.

412.1.a. A card that is Countered does nothing and is then placed in the Trash.
412.1.b. A card that is Countered is not considered to have been played.
412.1.c. Countering does not refund any costs paid to play a card.
412.1.c.1. This includes additional costs.

412.2. Countering is a Limited Action.

412.2.a. Players may only Counter cards when directed to by Game Effects.

412.3. This action is formatted as " Counter [a card or ability on the chain]."